WHAT IS SHARE AND TYPES OF SHARE !!
Stock market me shares ki do primary types hoti hai, jinhe Common Shares aur Preferred Shares kaha jata hai. Inke alawa, kuch aur sub-categories bhi hai jo shares ko different types me classify karte hai. Yahan, types of shares ke bare me puri detail di gayi hai:
Common shares, jinhay hum ordinary shares bhi kehte hai, ek company ke basic ownership units hote hai. Jab aap common shares kharidte hai, toh aap company ke ek chhote se hissa ke malik ban jate hai. Yeh shares company ke growth aur profits me aapko benefit dete hai.
Key Features:- Voting Rights: Common shareholders ko company ki general meetings me vote karne ka haq milta hai.
- Dividends: Dividends common shares par company ke profits ke basis par diye jate hai, lekin inka amount variable hota hai.
- Capital Gain: Agar company ka stock price badhta hai, toh common shareholders ko profit milta hai.
- Risk: Agar company bankrupt ho jati hai, toh common shareholders ko sabse last mein payment milti hai (after debt holders and preferred shareholders).
Advantages:- High potential for growth and returns.
- Voting rights, so you can participate in company decisions.
Disadvantages:- Risky, as dividends are not guaranteed.
- In case they are paid after other stakeholders.
Preferred shares, jinhay preference shares bhi kaha jata hai, ek hybrid type ke shares hote hai, jo debt aur equity ka combination hote hai. Preferred shareholders ko company ke profits par pehle claim milta hai, lekin unke paas voting rights nahi hote.
Key Features:- Fixed Dividends: Preferred shareholders ko fixed dividend milta hai, jo common shareholders se pehle diya jata hai.
- Priority in Liquidation: Agar company liquidate hoti hai, toh preferred shareholders ko common shareholders se pehle apni investment ka return milta hai.
- No Voting Rights: Preferred shares par voting rights nahi milte, isliye shareholders company ki decisions mein actively participate nahi kar sakte.
Advantages:- Steady and fixed dividend income.
- Priority in case of liquidation.
Disadvantages:- Lower potential for capital gain compared to common shares.
Equity shares bhi common shares ki tarah hote hai, lekin yeh specifically company ke ownership ka hissa represent karte hai. Equity shareholders ko profits ka hissa milta hai aur unka investment company ki performance ke saath directly linked hota hai.
Key Features:- Ownership: Equity shareholders company ke owners hote hain.
- Dividends: Equity shares par dividend company ke profits ke basis par milte hain, lekin yeh variable hote hai.
Advantages:- Ownership rights aur profits ka hissa.
- Potential for high returns due to capital
Disadvantages:- Risky, as profits and dividends are not guaranteed.
Preference shares ko do major categories me divide kiya ja sakta hai: Convertible aur Non-Convertible.
Convertible Preference Shares: Yeh shares ek specific period ke baad common shares me convert ho sakte hai. Inke holders ko fixed dividend milta hai, lekin yeh future me equity shares me convert ho sakte hai agar company ki performance acchi ho.
Non-Convertible Preference Shares: Yeh shares convertible nahi hote. Preferred shareholders ko fixed dividend milta hai, lekin yeh shares kabhi common shares me convert nahi hote.
Advantages:- Steady income from fixed dividends.
- Priority over common shares
Disadvantages:- Lower potential for capital appreciation.
- Convertible preference shares par company ke performance ke saath thoda dependency hota hai.
Bonus shares company ke existing shareholders ko dividend ke roop mein diye jate hain, lekin yeh cash ki form me nahi hote. Yeh shares, company ke reserves se issue kiye jate hai aur shareholders ko free me diye jate hai.
Key Features:- Issued from Reserves: Company apni reserves se bonus shares issue karti hai.
- No Cash Involved: Yeh shares shareholders ko cash ke bajaye diye jate hai.
Advantages:- Shareholders ko free me extra shares milte hai.
Disadvantages:- Existing shareholding dilution ho sakti hai.
Rights shares woh shares hote hai jo company apne existing shareholders ko offer karti hai. Yeh shares market price se kam price par available hote hai, aur existing shareholders ko yeh shares pehle kharidne ka haq milta hai.
Key Features:- Discounted Price: Rights shares ka price usually market price se kam hota hai.
- Pre-emptive Rights: Existing shareholders ko pehle kharidne ka hak hota hai.
Advantages:- Shareholders ko discounted price par shares milte hai.
- Company ko additional capital raise karne ka mauka milta hai.
Disadvantages:
Debentures usually bonds hote haI lekin kuch companies debentures ke rup me shares convert kar deti hai.debentures ek fixed rate par interest dete hai, lekin yeh future me company ke shares me convert ho sakte hai.- Debentures: Yeh bonds ek specific date ke baad shares me convert ho sakte hai.
- Non Debentures: Yeh bonds kabhi shares me convert nahi hote.
Yeh shares international investors ko ek specific company ke shares ko overseas trade karne ka option dete hai. GDRs aur ADRs companies ke domestic shares ke equivalents hote hai.
Key Features:- International Access: Investors globally company ke shares ko khareed sakte hai.
Advantages:- Global market me trading ka opportunity.
- Foreign investors ke liye easy access.
Stock market me shares ke kai types hote hai, jinke apne advantages aur disadvantages hote hai. Har investor apne risk investment goals, aur time horizon ke hisaab se suitable type of shares choose kar sakta hai.
Agar aapko kisi specific type ke shares ke bare me aur detail chahiye ho, toh zarur bataye!
1. Common Shares (Ordinary Shares)
2. Preferred Shares
3. Equity Shares
4. Preference Shares (Convertible and Non-Convertible)
5. Bonus Shares
6. Rights Shares
7. Debenture Shares (Convertible and Non-Convertible)
8. Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs) and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
